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曲靖市市本级财政零基预算编制暂行规定

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曲靖市市本级财政零基预算编制暂行规定

云南省曲靖市人民政府


曲靖市市本级财政零基预算编制暂行规定
曲政发[1999]14号




《各县(市)区人民政府,市直各委、办、局:

曲靖市市本级财政零基预算编制暂行规定》经市人民政府1999年1月15日第二次市长办公会议讨论通过。现印发你们,请遵照执行。



曲靖市人民政府

一九九九年三月二十日




第一条 为适应社会主义市场经济体制的需要,规范财政预算分配,提高财政预算分配的科学性和透明度,加强财政预算管理,合理使用财政预算内外综合财力,提高资金使用效益,根据《曲靖市市本级财政预算管理暂行办法》,制定本暂行规定。

第二条 编制零基预算的基本原则。以当年国民经济和社会事业发展目标为依据,科学合理确定各项经费支出定额,努力实现财政预算收支平衡。

第三条 财政零基预算编制的基本程序

1、各事业行政单位按照《曲靖市市级预算管理暂行办法》和《曲靖市市级预算外资金管理办法》、《实施细则》以及事业、行政单位“两则”和“两制”编制单位预算。

2、市财政局以当年财政预算内外财力和各事业、行政单位预算内外财力为分配和核定基础,以当年社会经济和各项事业发展的实际需要为分配依据,以“零”为基数核定和分配各项支出,编制财政预算内外收支和事业、行政单位预算内外收支的综合财政预算草案。

3、成立市级财政预算草案评议委员会。由分管财政的市长担任主任,副市长、市政府秘书长、副秘书长和财政局长担任委员。

财政预算草案评议委员会的职责是:提出预算草案编制的评议意见。评议市财政局上报的当年财力情况和财政预算草案;评议市级的专款项目和资金额度,事业、行政单位预算外收支核定数;评议年度预算追加和调整项目,向市政府常务会议提出支出预算草案评审意见。

第四条 财政零基预算的内容

市本级财政零基预算由收入预算和支出预算两部分组成。收入预算包括财政性收入预算,事业、行政单位的各项收入预算(财政拨入、事业收入、经营收入和其他各项收入);支出预算包括正常经费、专项经费。

1、正常经费预算是指用于个人开支(含事业、行政单位用预算外资金支付的个人开支)的以维持机构正常运转所必需的支出。具体包括人员经费预算、公用经费预算、教育经费预算(按生均定额计算的教学经费和人民助学金),公费医疗经费预算,社会保障经费预算,市政府驻外办事处经费预算。

2、专项支出预算是当年确定的或以前年度确定仍需继续安排的,具有专项用途的经费。在年度执行中的一次性补助,列入专款预算,作为专款核定。

第五条 财政零基预算的基本编制方法

财政零基预算应根据当年的财政收入预测当年财力,确定具体的各项定额标准,进行自上而下,自下而上进行逐级编制,具体是:

1、收入预算的编制

(1)财政性收入预算的编制。由市财政局根据当年税收收入情况,充分考虑到减收因素和增收潜力,进行认真测算,实事求是,科学合理的编制。

(2)事业行政单位各项收入预算的编制,由事业、行政单位编制,财政部门汇总审核。首先是由财政部门确定编制的内容和要求,印制统一的预算表格下发各单位,各用款单位应在认真核实预测各项收入的基础上,填制市财政局统一制发的《收入预算表》并附简要编制说明报市财政局。

2、正常经费支出预算的编制

正常经费预算的编制,采取“划分档次,确定定额,不留基数,逐年审核”的办法。市财政每年公布当年正常经费定额标准,各编制单位依照定额标准和有关数据编制,严格区分正常经费和专款,坚持正常经费按编制内实有人数和定额核定,不能纳入正常经费核定的项目一律纳入专款项目核定。

人员经费:指用于个人开支的经费,包括基本工资、职工福利费、工会经费、职工教育经费、住房公积金、其它用于个人开支的各项补贴。住房公积金按规定的比例核定。

公用经费:指机构正常运转所需的公务费、业务费、汽车燃修费、会议费。公用经费按市级确定的定额标准计算编制。

教育经费:人员经费部分据实核定,公用经费部分按生均定额标准,分档次核定预算定额。

公费医疗经费,按定额标准和国家确定应负担的比例核定该项预算。

社会保障预算,包括离退休人员的个人经费、公用经费。个人经费据实核定,公用经费按级别分档次定额核定,各事业、行政单位养老保险金按规定的比例和标准核定。

市政府驻外办事处经费,按定额标准核定。

3、专项经费预算的编制

专项支出预算的编制应根据当年财力和社会经济发展需要并遵循“效益优先”的原则,坚持预算内外统筹安排,增量资金与存量资金统筹安排,在符合资金使用方向的前提下,首先安排使用预算外资金、部门掌握的资金、存量资金。

(1)专款评审的依据及项目优选顺序:

一是与国家和省资金配套的项目;

二是国家和地方法律法规确定的支出项目;

三是市人民代表大会,市委、市政府决定的项目;

四是全市长远规划(计划)确定的项目(包括纳入全市长远规划有市场、有效益的续建项目)。

(2)市级各事业、行政单位必须按照市财政制发的专项预算编制表格填报年度专款预算。按照本单位研究的意见,依项目的轻重缓急顺序排列,同时报送分项目的评估文件,简要实施计划,资金使用和分配意向,资金使用效益分析等情况说明。

(3)市财政局对项目进行审核后重新排序,报市本级支出预算草案评议委员会。

4、各事业、行政单位应先用预算外可用资金安排各项经费支出,再考虑安排财政预算内资金,在安排财政预算内支出项目时应将已在单位预算外安排的支出项目资金扣除后再进行安排。

市级事业、行政单位用预算外各项收入开支的正常经费和专项经费,按市政府确定的定额标准执行,并按规定的程序和方法编报收支预算。

第六条 财政零基预算的批复与执行

1、财政性收支预算和事业、行政单位收支预算汇总后形成市级财政预算草案,上报市政府讨论同意并经市人民代表大会审议通过后,由市财政分别对行政、事业单位进行批复下达预算。

2、各事业、行政单位按批复预算组织执行,执行中不得随意变更和调整预算。正常经费年末结余结转下年使用,不冲抵次年经费。

3、财政部门应督促各单位执行好预算,特别要加强对专款的检查监督和跟踪问效。

第七条 财政“零基预算”的追加与调整

预算项目一经确定,不得随意变更,如有调整,需按预算编制程序审批。但遇特殊情况(救灾、国家有关政策变动等)确需追加预算的,经市财政提出意见后,报市政府批准,按《预算法》和《曲靖市市本级预算管理暂行办法》的有关规定办理。

次年预算的编制不再以上年数为依据,但可以作为参考。

第八条 本办法由市财政局负责解释。

第九条 本办法自1999年1月1日起实施。



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海北州人民政府关于印发《海北藏族自治州藏文社会用字管理办法》的通知

青海省海北州人民政府


海北州人民政府关于印发《海北藏族自治州藏文社会用字管理办法》的通知
北政〔2008〕16号



各县人民政府,青海湖农场,州政府各部门:

州藏语文办公室起草的《海北藏族自治州藏文社会用字管理办法》已经州政府第十四次常务会议研究同意,现予印发。请各地区、各部门结合实际,认真贯彻执行。





二〇〇八年二月二十八日







海北藏族自治州藏文社会用字管理办法



第一条 为加强本州藏文社会用字管理,保障藏汉两种文字在我州的平等地位,促进社会市面藏汉两种文字并用规范化、标准化,突出海北藏族自治州社会用字特色,根据国家有关法律法规和《海北藏族自治州自治条例》、《海北藏族自治州藏语文工作条例》的规定,结合本州实际,制定本办法。

第二条 本州各行政区域内(自治县、民族乡除外,下同)藏文社会用字,必须遵守本办法。

第三条 本办法所称的藏文社会用字,是指面向社会公众使用的藏文字,包括:

(一)党政机关、人民团体、武装力量、企事业单位的牌匾、公章、文件头、证件、会标、横幅、条幅等藏文用字;

(二)报刊、图书、音像制品等出版物藏文用字;

(三)自然地理实体名称、行政区划名称、居民地区名称和其他有地名意义名称的藏文用字;

(四)各类大型文化、体育、旅游、庆典等重大活动藏文用字;

(五)旅游景区、景点标志藏文用字;

(六)特色商品名称、商标、包装、说明等藏文用字;

(七)城镇个体工商户字号名称藏文用字;

(八)公益性广告、机动车辆、各种票据等需要社会公知并用文字表示的标志藏文用字;

(九)其他具有公共性、示意性的藏文用字。

第四条 本州行政区域内,下列社会用文必须藏汉两种文字并用:

(一)各种会议、各类大型文化、体育、旅游、庆典等活动的会标、横幅、条幅等;

(二)党政机关、驻军部队、人民团体、企事业单位名称(包括科室名称)、报刊名称、公章(包括钢印)、文件头、牌匾、证件、奖牌、锦旗、户外广告牌及印有党政机关、事业单位名称的信封、信纸等;

(三)车站站名、车次、时刻表、交通标志、机动车辆车门上的单位名称等;

(四)街道名称、路标、店铺门牌、公共场所设施名称、界牌、州内企业产品、商标、价格表等;

(五)行政司法机关的布告、标语等;

(六)州和刚察、祁连、海晏三县及青海湖农场颁布或下发的要求全民、全体职工知晓或遵照执行的法规、公告及重要文件、宣传资料等。另外,居民身份证、户口薄、营业执照、税务登记证、健康证、上岗证等,应逐步做到藏、汉两种文字并用;

(七)藏汉两种文字并用的其他社会用字。

第五条 州、县人民政府藏语文工作管理部门,主管本辖区藏文社会用字工作,指定专人负责藏文社会用字翻译、审核等具体工作,并做好藏文字社会用字的指导、管理、检查、督促工作。

各地民政、工商、公安、交通、建设、城市管理、旅游、教育、卫生、文化、税务、景区管理等相关部门根据各自职责和以下分工负责藏文社会用字管理工作:

(一)党政机关、人民团体、企事业单位名称、文件头、信封、证件、公告、宣传资料、会标、横幅、条幅等的藏文用字,由本单位指定机构或人员,自行负责管理;

(二)报刊、图书、音像制品等出版物藏文用字,由文化、新闻出版部门负责管理;

(三)自然地理实体名称、行政区划名称、居民地区名称和其他具有地名意义名称的藏文用字,由民政部门负责管理;

(四)道路交通指示牌、车站等的标识、机动车辆等的藏文用字,由交通、公安交警部门负责管理;

(五)旅游景区、重要景点标志、门票等的藏文用字,由旅游部门会同景区管理、税务部门负责管理;

(六)城镇个体工商户字号名称牌匾、企业名称、商品名称、商标、包装、说明书等的藏文用字,由工商行政管理负部门责管理;

(七)党政机关、人民团体、企事业单位公章、居民身份证、户口薄等的藏文用字,由公安部门负责管理;

(八)大型会议、重大活动会标等的藏文用字,由主(承)办单位负责,州、县藏语文工作委员会办公室负责翻译、监制;

(九)自编藏文教材、辅助读物、扫盲课本等的藏文用字,由教育部门负责管理;

(十)城镇装饰性牌匾、公益性广告、建筑物标识等的藏文用字,由建设、城市管理部门负责管理;

(十一)建设、规划部门,在审定建筑设计图或效果图纸时,必须考虑到藏文的使用问题。

第六条 藏文社会用字要符合以下规范标准:

(一)藏文社会用字翻译必须标准;

(二)党政机关、人民团体、企事业单位名称牌匾、公章、文件头、信封、证件、会标、商品名称等使用藏文时,必须使用藏文正楷印刷体,名人题词除外;

(三)藏文书写、打印、刊刻、喷绘等必须规范、工整、易于辨认,做到牌面和谐、整洁、美观,严格杜绝错字、别字和其它影响自治州形象的错误出现。

(四)藏、汉两种文字字体大小要一致,制作材质要一样;

(五)藏、汉两种文字书写按下列规则排列:

藏、汉两种文字分别写在两块牌匾上的,藏文牌匾挂在右边、汉文牌匾挂在左边,或者藏文牌匾挂在上边,汉文牌匾挂在下边;横写时,藏文在上、汉文在下,或者藏文在前、汉文在后;竖写时,藏文在右、汉文在左;环形写时,从左向右藏文在外环、汉文在内环,或者藏文在右半环、汉文在左半环;需要使用外国文字或其他少数民族文字时,按藏文、汉文、外文或其他少数民族文字的顺序排列。

第七条 从事翻译、书写、刊刻、喷绘和制作藏文社会用字的企事业单位或个体工商户,要有懂藏、汉两种语言文字的工作人,方可操作具体工作,并严格按本办法规定制作,因制作方操作原因造成损失的,应照价赔偿。

第八条 刻制公章时,未经当地藏语文工作部门审定译字,公安部门不予办理有关手续;各级电视台对那些没有规范使用藏文的社会市面活动画面,不予宣传报道;工商行政管理部门在办理营业执照时,必须认真把好藏、汉两种文字并用关;交通监理部门对没有使用藏、汉两种文字或使用不规范的机动车辆不予年检;各印刷厂家对没有使用藏、汉两种文字的文件字头、荣誉证书、各种牌匾等不予印刷。

第九条 违反本办法规定,有下列行为之一的,由各级公安、工商行政管理、城监部门予以处罚,法律法规另有规定的从其规定:

(一)违反本办法规定,没有使用藏文或者藏、汉两种文字并用不规范、不标准、文字残缺不全、模糊不清的,责令其限期改正;拒不改正的,由联合执法组依法进行强制拆除;

(二)违反本办法规定,擅自承揽制作藏文社会用字的,由藏语文工作管理部门会同工商行政管理部门责令其限期改正,拒不改正的,由工商行政管理部门吊销其营业执照,并没收违法所得。

第十条 各级政府将组织当地公安、工商、城管、藏语文办公室等部门,组成联合执法检查组,负责对社会市面藏汉两种文字使用工作进行检查督促,使之经常化、规范化。

第十一条 藏文社会用字管理工作将列入全州民族团结进步创建和精神文明创建工作目标考核内容,认真考核验收。不贯彻落实有关法律法规和本办法规定或者不按政令行事的单位,将取消该单位和单位领导的民族团结及精神文明建设先进集体、先进个人评选资格,不得授予民族团结进步创建和精神文明建设方面的荣誉称号,已获得上述两项荣誉的单位和个人,建议授予机关撤销其荣誉称号,并在全州范围内进行通报批评。省驻州单位还取消年终地方建设贡献奖的评选资格。

第十二条 藏文社会用字主管部门工作人员,玩忽职守、滥用职权、徇私舞弊的,由其行政主管部门依法给予行政处分;构成犯罪的,移交司法部门,依法追究其刑事责任。

第十三条 本办法由海北藏族自治州藏语文工作委员会办公室负责解释。

第十四条 本办法自公布之日起施行。有效期三年。



Expansion of Applicable Sphere: A way to Uniformity
——Compare and Contrast between UNIDROIT and UNCITRAL Conventions
By Dongsheng Lu, Chen Yan

I. Introduction

Financing is paramount for the promotion of commerce. It has been noted that “in developed countries the bulk of corporate wealth is locked up in receivables”. As the economy develops, this wealth increasing is “unlocked by transferring receivables across national borders”. With the prompt and great increases in international trade, receivables financing now plays a more and more important role. Yet under the law of many countries, certain forms of receivables financing are still not recognized. Even transactions are involved in countries where the form of receivables financing is permitted, determining which law governs will be difficult. The disparity among laws of different jurisdiction increases uncertainty in transactions, thus constitutes obstacles to the development of assignments of receivables. To remove such obstacles arising from the uncertainty existing in various legal systems and promote the development of receivables financing cross-boarder, a set of uniform rules in this field is required. The international community has made great efforts in adopting uniform laws. Among those efforts, the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL) drafted, on 12 December, 2001, “United Nations Convention on the Assignment of Receivables in International Trade” (hereinafter referred to as the “UNCITRAL Convention”), with its aim to “establish principles and to adopt rules relating to the assignment of receivables that would create certainty and transparency and promote the modernization of the law relating to assignments of receivables”. UNCITRAL is not the first international organization attempting to resolve the problems associated with receivables. As early as in May 1988, the International Institute for the Unification of Private Law (UNIDROIT) has already adopted a convention known as the “UNIDROIT Convention on International Factoring” (hereinafter referred to as the “UNIDROIT Convention”).

When compare and contrast between the UNIDROIT Convention and the UNCITRAL Convention, one might see a lot of inconsistency in detailed regulations, e.g. sphere of application, relations between parties, priorities, and choice of law, etc. Given the limited space available in this article, the author may only focus on the difference in “sphere of application” of these two conventions, as sphere of application is perhaps the most fundamental issue of a convention.

The purpose of an international convention is to create uniformity in its covered matter, thus the broader a convention’s sphere of application is, the higher could uniformity reach. This article will try to make compare and contrast the sphere of application between the UNIDROIT Convention and the UNCITRAL Convention, illustrate the differences exist between these two conventions, and demonstrate the expansion of sphere of application in the UNCITRAL Convention and its progress on the way to uniformity.

II. Sphere of Application: Subject Matter

As its title indicates, the subject matter of the UNIDROIT Convention is of course international factoring. Article 1(1) says, “this Convention governs factoring contracts and assignments of receivables as described in this Chapter.”

For “factoring contract”, the UNIDROIT Convention provides the following 4 characteristics:

(1) purpose of the contract is to assign receivables;

(2) receivables to be assigned arises from contracts of sale of goods made between the supplier and its customers (debtors), other than those of sale of goods bought primarily for personal, family or household use;

(3) the factor is to perform at least two of the four functions: (i) finance for the supplier; (ii) maintenance of accounts (ledgering) relating to the receivables; (iii) collection of receivables; and (iv) protection against default in payment by debtors;

(4) notice of the assignment of the receivables is to be given to debtors.

As about “assignments of receivables as described in this Chapter”, article 2 (1) describes assignments of receivables as assignment of receivables pursuant to a factoring contract.

Factoring is just a subset of the receivables financing, and perhaps the oldest and most basic one. Besides factoring, receivables financing still entail the following forms,

(1) Forfeiting, similar to factoring, involves the purchase or discounting of documentary receivables (promissory notes, for example) without recourse to the party from whom the receivables are purchased;

(2) Refinancing, also known as secondary financing, involves the subsequent assignment of receivables. In its basic form, one bank or financier will assign to another bank its interest, with the potential for further assignment;

(3) Securitization, in which both marketable (for example, trade receivables) and non-marketable (consumer credit card receivables) asset cash flows are repackaged by a lender and transferred to a lender-controlled company, which will issue securities, sell and then use the proceeds to purchase the receivables;

(4) Project Finance, in which repayment of loans made by banks or financiers to project contractors for the financing of projects are secured through the future revenues of the project.

The first draft of the UNCITRAL Convention has stated to cover factoring, forfeiting, refinancing, securitization and project finance. Somehow, the working group decides that rather than emphasize the form in which the receivables appear, it would instead concentrate on the way in which the receivables might be transferred (contractual or non-contractual) and the purpose of the transaction (for financing or non-financing purposes). It decides the contractual receivables and assignment made to secure financing and other related services would be covered. The non-contractual receivables such as insurance and tort receivables, deposit bank accounts, or claims arising by operation of law seems are not within the ambits of the UNCITRAL convention.

III. Sphere of Application: Special Requirements

Both of the conventions contain a series of requirements. Only when those requirements are satisfied, could the convention be applied. The higher and stricter the requirements are, the smaller the chance to apply the convention is.

a) Internationality requirement

Both the two conventions indicate their sphere of application is of internationality requirement, but the same word in these two conventions has different legal meaning. The internationality requirement of UNIDROIT Convention is exclusively based upon the parties to the underlying contract, i.e. the contract of sale of goods (the supplier and the debtor) having their place of business in different countries. In other words, where the receivables arise from a contract of sale of goods between a supplier and a debtor whose places of business are in the same State, the UNIDROIT Convention could not apply, no matter the following assignment of receivables is to assignee in the same or different State. Thus leaving the international assignment of domestic receivables untouched. The problem, at its simplest, is twofold: first, inconsistency. For instance, in the case where a bulk assignment is made and where part of the receivables are domestic (supplier and debtor are in the same State) and part are international (supplier and debtor are in different State), if the supplier assigns the receivables to a party which is located in another State, the bulk assignment between the same supplier and the same assignee will be governed by two sets of laws and regulations: the portion of international receivables may be governed by the UNIDROIT Convention while the domestic one will be left to the jurisdiction of certain domestic law.

Secondly, leaving the international assignment of domestic receivables to the jurisdiction of various law systems of different States can make “commercial practice uncertain, time-consuming and expensive”. The assignee of receivables from a foreign State may not know which State’s law governs the transaction, and, if the law of the assignor’s State applies, the assignee’s rights would be subject to the vagaries of that foreign law. This no doubt would greatly impede the development of such transaction.


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